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Moss but with less interannual variation than observed, and it reproduced aboveground biomass for tree PFTs and stem biomass for shrubs. The model simulated a reasonable annual net primary production (NPP) for Sphagnum gross primary production (GPP) albeit with an underestimate of peak GPP. Processes in ELM allows it to capture the observed seasonal dynamics of The inclusion of a Sphagnum PFT with some Sphagnum-specific The model was parameterizedĪnd independently evaluated against observations from an ombrotrophicįorested bog as part of the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under ChangingĮnvironments (SPRUCE) project. Nonvascular photosynthetic processes for moss. Introduce a moss PFT into the land model component (ELM) of the EnergyĮxascale Earth System Model (E3SM) by developing water content dynamics and Represented plant functional types (PFTs), thereby limiting predictiveĪssessment of peatland responses to environmental change. However, most land-surface models do not include Sphagnum or other mosses as Sphagnum mosses are strongĭeterminants of nutrient, carbon, and water cycling in peatland ecosystems. Peatland functional dynamics under the changing environment. Polytrichium) the sporophytes (the diploid part) have two components: a stalk and a capsule situated at the top of the stalk.Mosses need to be incorporated into Earth system models to better simulate

The sporophyte is less commonly seen and includes a roughly spherical capsule that opens explosively to release spores. The ability of sphagnum to hold so much water is related both to the large quantity of non-living cells that can absorb water and also to the fact that the mat of plants itself can hold water in between individual plants. The leaves of sphagnum consist of strands of narrow living cells with abundant chloroplasts, surrounding bands of much larger cells that quickly die after being produced. Plants are erect and have a cluster of branches near the top that give it a characteristic look. Individual plants may be quite long, over 30 cm, but this is including the slowly decomposing basal parts, with the green portion typically 10 cm or less. The gametophyte (haploid form) generally occurs in dense mats.